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Jacksonville is a city in Morgan County, Illinois, United States. The population was 19,446 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Morgan County.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 Jacksonville is the principal city of the Jacksonville Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Morgan and Scott counties. ==History== Jacksonville was established on a 160-acre tract of land in the center of Morgan County in 1825, two years after the county itself was founded. The town grew at a rapid rate, and a town square quickly developed. In 1829, the Presbyterian Reverend John M. Ellis felt the need for a new "seminary of learning" in the new state of Illinois. A group of Congregational students at Yale University heard about his plans and headed westward to establish the new school. These students were a part of the famous "Yale Bands," which were groups of students that established multiple colleges in what is now the Midwest. Illinois College was one of the first institutions of higher learning in the Midwest. With the college, the population of Jacksonville continued to grow. A new courthouse was built on the square, churches were constructed, railroads were planned, and stores and taverns were built. By 1834, Jacksonville had the largest population of any city in the state of Illinois, even outnumbering Chicago. The Potawatomi Trail of Death passed through here in 1838. Jacksonville's education grew stronger with the establishment of the Illinois School for the Deaf, the Illinois School for the Visually Impaired, and the Illinois Conference Female Academy, which later became MacMurray College. By 1850, Illinois College had issued Illinois' first college degrees and opened the first medical school in the state. Because of this, Jacksonville earned the nickname of "Athens of the West."〔http://jacksonvilleil.org/?page_id=703〕 In 1851, Illinois opened its first state mental hospital in Jacksonville, which was a major employer for the area. The institution, now named the Jacksonville Developmental Center, serves developmentally challenged individuals.〔(Retrieved 2009-10-06 ) 〕 Abraham Lincoln occasionally had legal business in Jacksonville, frequently acting either as co-counsel or opposing counsel with David A. Smith, a Jacksonville resident. In what is now Central Park Plaza, Lincoln delivered a very strong antislavery speech in support of the presidential campaign of John C. Frémont over the course of two hours on September 6, 1856.〔Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Vol. 2 pp. 369-373. as reported in '' The Illinois Sentinel '' September 12, 1856. Online at: http://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln2/1:393?rgn=div1;view=fulltext〕 A mural depicting the event is now painted on the side of a building at the southwest corner of the Park.〔 Jacksonville was a major stopping point on the historic Underground Railroad. An Annual Civil War reenactment celebration is named for Jacksonville resident U.S. Army General Benjamin Grierson. In 1911, Jacksonville adopted the city commission form of government, the first mayor being George W. Davis. In the summer of 1965, in order to keep up with demand for Beatles records, Capitol Records opened a vinyl record pressing plant located at 1 Capitol Way on the western outskirts of Jacksonville. The plant produced a number of highly collectible pressings. This plant eventually serviced the Capitol Records Club, producing vinyl LPs and later audiocassettes, CDs, and DVDs of a number of artists. At its peak, operating as EMI Records (owner of Capitol), the plant employed over 1,000 and was a significant location in the music industry. For example, all seven albums released by country western artist Garth Brooks sold over 50 million copies, in celebration of which a thank you luncheon for 1,000 was held at the Jacksonville plant March 10, 1995.〔Billboard, April 8, 1995 p. 44.〕 EMI ceased manufacturing operations at Jacksonville in 2004. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jacksonville, Illinois」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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